Jawbone loss is usually the result of various factors that affect the alveolar bone supporting the teeth.
Atrophy of the jawbones, also known as jawbone resorption or alveolar bone loss, is a serious dental condition in which the alveolar bone that supports the teeth decreases in volume.
Causes of jawbone loss
Jawbone loss is usually the result of various factors that affect the alveolar bone supporting the teeth. The main causes include:
- Periodontal diseases (gum diseases).
This is the most common cause. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation of the gums caused by the accumulation of bacterial plaque. - Missing teeth.
After tooth extraction, the tissue around the missing tooth begins to “shrink” due to the absence of stimulation from chewing activity. - Trauma or bruxism.
Injury that damages different areas of the jawbone, or teeth grinding (bruxism), can interrupt the necessary stimulation, leading to bone loss. - Malocclusion (misalignment of the teeth).
Teeth that are misaligned or lack an opposing tooth can cause uneven pressure, leading to deterioration of the bone in areas where stimulation is reduced. - Other systemic conditions may also contribute to jawbone resorption.
These include osteoporosis, diabetes, and hormonal changes.
Symptoms of jawbone loss
The symptoms of jawbone loss (alveolar bone resorption) can vary and often develop gradually, especially when associated with periodontal diseases or other chronic conditions:
- Common signs of bone resorption include:
- Gum recession;
- Tooth mobility or shifting of teeth;
- Bleeding and inflammation of the gums;
- Difficulty chewing;
- Formation of deep periodontal pockets between the gums and teeth.
Treatment options for jawbone loss
Treatment is determined individually, depending on the cause and the extent of bone resorption. The approach can be non-surgical or surgical, with the main goal being to stop the progression of the disease and, when possible, to restore the lost bone tissue.
- Non-surgical therapy: Regular removal of dental plaque and tartar (professional cleaning and scaling).
- Surgical treatments:
- Curettage (closed or open) of periodontal pockets;
- Bone grafting using bone substitute materials.
This procedure stimulates the regeneration of new bone and is often performed before dental implant placement.
Prevention of jawbone loss
- Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential;
- Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are strongly recommended;
- Timely replacement of missing teeth helps prevent bone atrophy due to lack of functional load;
- Correction of occlusal (bite) problems to ensure even pressure distribution on the jawbone.
When to visit a dentist?
If you notice symptoms such as gum bleeding, tooth mobility, exposed roots, or changes in tooth alignment, you should seek dental care immediately.
Jawbone loss is a serious condition that can lead to permanent tooth loss and other complications. Early diagnosis and consistent preventive care are key to maintaining a healthy smile throughout life.
